MCP Paid-Tool Security Checklist
MCP lets models discover and invoke tools. Paid tools add a second risk: agents can spend money. This checklist combines MCP tool hygiene with x402 payment readiness.
Tool schema must be explicit
MCP tools should expose a clear name, description, inputSchema, and preferably outputSchema so clients know what they are invoking and how to parse results.
Evidence: The MCP tools specification defines tool metadata and structured output patterns.
Fix: Publish inputSchema and outputSchema for every paid tool, then mirror the paid endpoint in OpenAPI or an equivalent descriptor.
Payment must fail closed
A paid MCP tool should not execute before a valid payment or policy decision. The underlying HTTP endpoint should return 402 with x402 metadata when unpaid.
Evidence: Coinbase and Base x402 docs describe the client reading payment requirements from a 402 response before retrying with a signed payment.
Fix: Gate execution behind x402, expose the requirements in accepts[0], and verify with Ontario before listing.
Humans need control over risky tools
For high-impact paid tools, agents should require review or policy approval before payment.
Evidence: The MCP tools specification emphasizes trust, safety, and user awareness around tool exposure and invocation.
Fix: Use /api/agent/can-pay before spend and require review for endpoints without fresh certification.
Certification should point to evidence
A badge is only meaningful if it links to a public report with score, warnings, history, and signature integrity.
Evidence: Ontario reports expose report_id, score, signals, remediation, integrity, and service profile links.
Fix: Link MCP registry entries to Ontario service profiles and require Ontario Certified x402 for paid-tool promotion.
Sources
- Google AI Search optimization guide
- Coinbase x402 client/server flow
- Base x402 guide
- x402 docs: HTTP 402 core concepts
- x402 reference implementation (GitHub)
- Research: Five Attacks on x402 Agentic Payment Protocol (arXiv:2605.11781)
- Research: Hardening x402 with PII-safe metadata filtering (arXiv:2604.11430)
- Model Context Protocol tools specification